Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Dual role of Ninjurin-1 in myeloid cell adhesion and inflammation in relapse-remitting EAE

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1803382

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ninjurin-1 + myeloid cells enhance CD4 + T cell activation and cytokine production. CD45 + B220 - CD3 - CD11b + Ly6G - Ninjurin-1+ or Ninjurin-1 - myeloid cells were flow-sorted and co-cultured with CFSE-labeled CD4 + T cells isolated from 2D2 mice. Cells were stimulated with MOG 35–55 peptide in 96-well plates for 72 hours. (A) T cell proliferation, measured by CFSE dilution, was greater when CD4 + T cells were co-cultured with Ninjurin-1 + myeloid cells compared to Ninjurin-1 - cells. Controls included CD4 + T cells cultured without antigen-presenting cells (APCs) or without MOG 35–55 peptide. (B) CD4 + T cells co-cultured with Ninjurin-1 + myeloid cells showed increased expression of CD25 and TNF-α, indicating higher levels of activation and inflammatory cytokine production. Data represent n = 4 independent experiments and are shown as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: CFSE + CD4 + T cells (100,000/well) were then co-cultured with either Ninjurin-1 - or Ninjurin-1 + sorted cells (40,000/well) with 20 μg/ml MOG 35–55 peptide (Genemed Biotechnologies Inc.) into a 96 well plate for 72 hours.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Cell Culture, Labeling, Isolation, Expressing

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The Glucose Transporter GLUT3 Controls Regulatory T Cell Function

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.26.714439

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A and B) Relative body weight changes (A) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) clinical scores (B) in WT, GLUT1-deficient ( Slc2a1 fl/fl Cd4 Cre ) and GLUT3-deficient ( Slc2a3 fl/fl Cd4 Cre ) mice following immunization with MOG 35-55 peptide emulsified in CFA; means ± SEM of 6-11 mice per cohort. (C) RT-qPCR analysis of Slc2a1 (GLUT1) and Slc2a3 (GLUT3) expression in isolated splenic CD4 + T cells from WT, GLUT1-deficient and GLUT3-deficient mice used in EAE experiments; data are shown as means ± SEM of 4-11 mice. (D and E) Representative flow cytometric analysis of Foxp3 + Treg cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of WT, GLUT1- and GLUT3-deficient mice 20 days after MOG 35-55 immunization (D) , with quantification of Treg cell frequencies and absolute cell numbers (E) ; means ± SEM of 6-11 mice. (F and G) Frequencies of GM-CSF and IL-2-producing CD4 + T cells in the CNS of WT, GLUT1-and GLUT3-deficient mice 20 days after immunization with MOG 35-55 peptide and restimulation with PMA/ionomycin for 5 h (F) , with quantification of total cell numbers of GM-CSF and IL-2 producing CD4 + T cells in the CNS (G) ; means ± SEM of 6-11 mice. Statistical analyses shown in (A, B, C, E, G) were performed using two-way ANOVA. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001; ns, non-significant.

Article Snippet: EAE was induced by emulsifying 2 mg/mL myelin MOG 35–55 peptide (Synpeptide) in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA; Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 5 mg/mL Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (Fisher Scientific) via syringe extrusion.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Isolation

Journal: Nature

Article Title: Facile induction of immune tolerance by an interleukin-2–TGFβ surrogate agonist

doi: 10.1038/s41586-026-10208-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Schematic illustration of MOG 35–55 and protein administration. Created in BioRender; Sun, Q. https://BioRender.com/j3crwdr (2026). b , c , Representative flow cytometry plots ( b ) and quantification of FOXP3 + and RORγt + FOXP3 + cell frequencies ( b ) and absolute numbers ( c ) among donor CD44 + Ki-67 + 2D2 cells in the indicated lymphoid organs ( n = 8 samples per group). d – h , Therapeutic effect of TGM1–IL-2 in establishing tolerance to suppress MOG 35–55 -induced EAE ( n = 11 mice per group). d , Schematic illustration. CNS, central nervous system; PTX, pertussis toxin; SC, spinal cord; CFA, complete Freund’s adjuvant. Created in BioRender; Sun, Q. https://BioRender.com/t3trkm2 (2026). e , Quantification of mean EAE scores. f , Quantification of CD4 + T cell absolute numbers in the spinal cord. g , Quantification of IFNγ- and IL-17A-producing CD4 + T cell numbers in the spinal cord. h , Representative flow cytometry plots and quantification of GM-CSF + CD4 + T cell frequencies and absolute numbers in the spinal cord. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Data in b , c are pooled from two independent experiments. Data in d – h are representative of two independent experiments. Statistics were obtained by one-way ANOVA coupled with Dunnett’s multiple-comparisons test ( b , c ), two-way ANOVA coupled with Šídák’s multiple-comparisons test ( e ) or unpaired Welch’s t -test (two-tailed) ( f – h ).

Article Snippet: Beginning one day after transfer, mice received 40 μg MOG 35–55 peptide (Genemed Synthesis) together with 50 pmol of the indicated proteins by intraperitoneal injection every other day, for a total of six doses.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Adjuvant, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Nature

Article Title: Facile induction of immune tolerance by an interleukin-2–TGFβ surrogate agonist

doi: 10.1038/s41586-026-10208-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Gating strategy for identifying MOG 35-55 -reactive 2D2 cells. b , Representative flow cytometry plots and quantification of expression of the indicated markers in splenic 2D2 cells (n = 6 samples/group). c–e , Therapeutic effect of TGM1–IL-2 in establishing tolerance to suppress MOG 35–55 -induced EAE (n = 11 mice/group). c , Individual EAE scores for mice in the indicated groups. d , Quantification of the numbers of the indicated cell populations in the spinal cord. e , Representative flow cytometry plots and quantification of IFN-γ + and IL-17a + CD4 + T-cell frequencies in the spinal cord. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. The data in b–e are representative of two independent experiments. The statistics were obtained by unpaired Welch’s t-test (two-tailed) ( b,d and e ).

Article Snippet: Beginning one day after transfer, mice received 40 μg MOG 35–55 peptide (Genemed Synthesis) together with 50 pmol of the indicated proteins by intraperitoneal injection every other day, for a total of six doses.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Two Tailed Test